Cataracts occur usually in people over the age of 55 although they can occur from the age of 40 upwards. There are up to 4 types of cataracts that are of concern to you, each with different causes. These are:

• Age related cataracts – This is the most common type of cataract.
• Congenital cataracts – It is possible that some children may be born with cataract problems, or develops them in the very early parts of childhood.
• Secondary cataract – Cataracts that occur in people who may have underlying health problems such as diabetes.
• Traumatic cataract – A cataract from an eye injury may occur years later.

Cataracts will be treated in a surgical manner, and you will be put under a local anaesthetic, usually light sedation. Removing a cataract is a very delicate procedure and it involves the manipulation of tiny structure within the eye. The surgeon will use a high powered microscope to view different parts of the eye clearly. A machine sends ultrasonic vibrations to a tiny probe that has been inserted through an incision into the cloudy lens that constitutes the cataract.

Vibrating at over 40,000 cycles per second the machine emulsifies or breaks up the cataract into pieces so that they can be vacuumed up from the lens capsule of the eye. At the same time, it introduces an irrigation solution that maintains pressure and prevents the eye from collapsing. After this has all been done and the cataract has been removed an artificial lens is then inserted. This lens is needed to bring light rays into proper focus onto the retina.

Cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss in older adults and may affect up to 60% of adults over the age of 65 years. So do not hesitate in going to see a surgeon about this, and see the difference once and for all.

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One of the conditions that can occur with eyes is Glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition in which the optic nerve, which joins the eye to the brain, undergoes damage therefore resulting in visual loss. Glaucoma is caused by a fluid in your eye that provides the necessary pressure to help maintain the shape of the eye. This liquid is then drained into the blood stream by form of a sieve. The sieve becomes damaged and does not adequately drain the liquid from the eye. Now with less and less liquid being absorbed back into the blood, this causes it to put more pressure upon the eye’s nerves, as these nerves become damaged; your sight becomes severely affected.

Glaucoma Raised intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve and loss of vision is referred to as GLAUCOMA. If you have a family history of glaucoma, diabetes, short sightedness or raised blood pressure you have a higher risk of developing glaucoma. All patients after 40 should have their IOP checked Early diagnosis is essential and reduces the risk of damage and permits with the use of drops or laser therapy to reduce the long term damage to the nerve. Glaucoma is often very hard to discover yourself as there are not that many symptoms in the early stages that will give you an idea into the fact you may have it. Some of the symptoms are loss of side vision, blurriness and the ability to adjust to dark rooms. Although it is rare sometimes you may experience headaches, and coloured ring being formed in front of lights.

There is no certain cure for glaucoma although it can be helped to prevent further damage, by lowering the pressure on the eye. Most commonly eye drops are used to do this, but tablets can be an option also. It is essential to be compliant with the use of eye drops. Recent study showed a moderate percentage of patients did not regularly refill their eye drop prescriptions. This needs to be avoided with a better understanding of their relevance.

Cataracts are generally slowly developing opacities in the lens which even make everyday activities stressful. It is imperative that cataracts are removed early and quickly, because they can often lead to more serious problems later down the line which can be harder to treat. Cataracts can cause reduced vision which may occur very slowly and be unnoticed. Cataracts can occur in one eye at a different speed and then be unnoticed until the sight is very poor in that eye. It may cause changes in ability to do your work creating increased stress.

Cataracts generally affect people over the age of 55; however they can also affect younger people so everybody should be aware of the chance of a cataract forming.
There are 4 types of cataracts, each with different causes:

• Age related which is the most common type of cataracts.
• A congenital cataract is a condition that some babies are born with, or developed in their early child hood.
• Secondary cataracts which are developed when some people have other health issues such as diabetes.
• Traumatic cataracts may occur from an eye injury.

Some of the symptoms that can occur with cataracts are blurred and fuzzy vision, difficulty driving with the glare of the headlights causing a major problem, colours become less obvious and weaker and double vision which can also occur when only one eye is open.

Cataracts can be treated in a surgical manner, and you can be put under Twilight type sedation with Local anaesthetic you can undergo a procedure to break up the cataract so that it can be removed from the eye, meaning that once again you will be able to see correctly. Light enters the eye uninterrupted and is no longer blurred. Colours are suddenly appreciated as they were when you were much younger. Vision is suddenly restored so you will be able to see properly once again.

There is also a new development on lenses which are called Toric lenses which can correct astigmatism and multifocal lenses so patients can be spectacle free after surgery.